ABSTRACT
Os efeitos do consumo de sal durante a gestação e a lactação sobre a prole na vida adulta foram avaliados. Ratas Wistar foram alimentadas, durante o período perinatal, com dieta hipossódica (HO), normossódica (NR), hipersódica 1 (HR1) ou hipersódica 2 (HR2). A pressão arterial direta foi maior em prole masculina e feminina cujas mães foram submetidas à dieta HR2 e HR1. A sensibilidade à insulina foi menor e o colesterol e triacilgliceróis plasmáticos foram maiores somente em prole masculina de mães submetidas à dieta HO. Pressão arterial, sensibilidade à insulina e alteração do perfil lipídico na vida adulta são influenciados pelo consumo de sal durante a gestação e a lactação / The objective was to evaluate the influences of salt consumption during pregnancy and lactation in adult offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed a low (LSD), normal (NSD), high 1 (HSD1), or high 2 (HSD2) salt diet, during the perinatal period. Intra-arterial mean blood pressure was higher in both male and female offspring from HSD1 and HSD2 mothers. Insulin sensitivity was lower only in male offspring from LSD mothers. Higher cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were observed only in male offspring from LSD dams. In conclusion, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile in adulthood are influenced by maternal salt intake during pregnancy and lactation...
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Arterial Pressure , Insulin Resistance , Sodium, Dietary/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias , Pregnancy, Animal , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A pressão arterial varia com o tempo, tanto em indivíduos sadios como em portadores de hipertensão arterial. Esta variabilidade é controlada por mecanismos de regulação que mantêm a pressão dentro de limites estreitos. O único mecanismo de regulação da pressão arterial que é capaz de corrigir integralmente qualquer distúrbio que ocorra é o mecanismo renal denominado natriurese pressórica. Qualquer alteração funcional renal decorrente de patologias renais ou de modificações funcionais devidas a estímulos externos aos rins pode comprometer a natriurese pressórica e gerar aumentos da pressão mantidos cronicamente. A prevalência de hipertensão é de cerca de 90 por cento na presença de doenças renais crônicas. Nestas doenças renais, os seguintes mecanismos foram identificados como possíveis responsáveis pela manutenção de pressão arterial elevada: aumento da volemia, hiperatividade dos sistemas renina-angiotensina nervoso simpático, redução da atividade da via L-arginina- óxido nítrico, aumento de endotelina circulante etc.
Subject(s)
Hypertension , Kidney Diseases , Nitric Oxide , Renin-Angiotensin System , Vasoconstrictor AgentsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of acute renal failure (ARF) on the evolution of infants undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: We assessed 15 infants undergoing cardiac surgery who developed (ARF). Their demographic, clinical and surgical data, and evolution were analyzed. RESULTS: Their mean age was 4.4+/-4.0 months (8 days to 24 months). Twelve infants were males, and 4 patients already had ARF at surgery. The primary cause of ARF was immediate acute cardiac dysfunction in 10 infants, cardiac dysfunction associated with sepsis in 2 infants, and isolated sepsis in 3 infants. All children depended on mechanical ventilation during their postoperative period, 14 infants used vasoactive drugs, and 11 had an infectious process associated with ARF. Thirteen infants required dialytic treatment. Eleven infants developed oluguric ARF, and all had to undergo peritoneal dialysis; of the 4 patients with non-oliguric, 2 required dialysis, the main indication being hypervolemia. Of these 13 dialyzed infants, 4 died in the first 24 hours because of the severity of the underlying cardiac disease (mean urea level of 49+/-20 mg/dl). The mortality rate for the entire group was 60 percent , and it was higher among the patients with oliguria ARF (73 percent vs 25 percent, p<0.001). The cause of death was acute cardiac dysfunction in 6 infants (early type-1ARF) and sepsis in the 3 remaining infants (late type-2 ARF). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of ARF associated with cardiac surgery in infants was hight, being higher among children with oliguria; peritoneal dialysis was indicated due to clinically uncontrolled hypervolemia and not to the uremic hypercatabolic state
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Heart Diseases/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Acute Kidney Injury/mortality , Heart Diseases/mortality , Peritoneal Dialysis/methods , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
CONTEXT: The incidence of lymphocele after renal transplantation varies between 0.6 and 18 percent of cases, and many factors have been associated to its etiology. Cellular rejection of the kidney allograft has been described as a possible causal factor of lymphocele. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possible relationship between lymphocele and acute cellular rejection. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: A referral hospital center. SAMPLE: 170 patients submitted to kidney transplantation from March 1992 to January 1997. A standard technique for renal transplantation was used. RESULTS: Of the 19 patients that developed lymphocele, 16 presented at least one episode of acute cell rejection (84 percent), and were treated with methylprednisolone. The relation between lymphocele and rejection was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Treatment of lymphocele consisted of peritoneal marsupialization in 3 patients (15.3 percent), percutaneous drainage in 7 (36.8 percent), laparascopic marsupialization in 2 (10.5 percent), and conservative treatment in 7 patients (36.8percent. Evolution was favorable in 15 patients (78.9 percent), 1 patient (5.3 percent) died due to a cause unrelated to lymphocele, and 3 (15.8 percent) lost the graft due to immunological factors. The average follow-up period was 24.5 months. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of acute cell rejection in patients with lymphocele suggests a possible causal relationship between both conditions